Harmful programs and their types
The harmful software include net worms, classical file viruses, Trojan programs, hacker utilities and the other programs doing notorious harm to the computer on which they are started on performance, or to other computers in a network.
Net worms
This category includes the programs extending the copies on local and/or global networks with the following purposes:
- Penetrations on remote computers;
- Start of the copy on the remote computer;
- The further distribution on other computers in a network.
Net worms use various computer for their distribution and also mobile networks: e-mail, exchange systems instant messages, file – exchange (P2P) and IRC-networks, LAN, data exchange networks between mobile devices (phones, pocket computers) etc.
The majority of known worms extend in the form of files: attachments in the electronic letter, the reference to the infected file on any web- or a FTP-resource in ICQ – and IRC-messages, a file in the catalogue of exchange P2P etc.
Some worms (so-called «without – file» or “package” worms) extend in the form of network packages, get directly into memory of the computer and make active their code.
For penetration on remote computers and start of the copy worms use various methods: social engineering (for example, the text of the electronic letter, calling to open the enclosed file), defects in a network configuration (for example, copying on a disk opened on full access), errors in security services of operating systems and appendices.
Some worms possess also properties of other versions of the harmful software. For example, some worms contain Trojan functions or are capable to infect files on a local disk, i.e. they have quality of the Trojan program and/or of a computer virus.
Classical computer viruses
These are programs which extend the copies on resources of the local computer with following purposes:
- The subsequent start of the code at any actions of the user;
- The further introduction in other resources of the computer.
Unlike worms, viruses do not use network services for penetration on other computers. The virus copy gets on remote computers only in the case when the infected object is active on other computer, for example:
- During infection of accessible disks the virus has got into the files located on a network resource;
- The virus has copied itself on the demountable carrier or has infected files on it;
- The user has sent the electronic letter with the infected investment.
Some viruses comprise properties of other versions of the harmful software, for example backdoor – procedure or Trojan component of destruction of the information on a disk.
Trojan programs
This category includes the programs, that carry out various unapproved the user’s actiosn: gathering of the information and transfer it to malefactor, its destruction or ill-intentioned updating, infringement of working capacity of the computer, use of resources of the computer in the ill-intentioned purposes.
Separate categories of Trojan programs cause damage to remote computers and networks, without breaking working capacity of the infected computer (for example, the Trojan programs developed for massed DoS-attacks to remote resources of a network).
Hacker utilities and other harmful programs
This category includes:
- Utilities of automation of creation of viruses, worms and Trojan programs (designers);
- The program libraries developed for creation harmful PC;
- Hacker utilities of concealment of a code of the infected files from anti-virus check;
- «Malicious jokes», which complicate work with the computer;
- The programs which inform the user false information about the actions in the system;
- Other programs, which this or that way intentionally cause direct or indirect damage to the given or remote computer.
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